What Is the House of Representatives Leader Called
| Australian House of Representatives | |
|---|---|
| 44th Parliament | |
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| Blazon | |
| Type | Lower firm of the Parliament of Australia |
| Leadership | |
| Speaker | The Hon. Tony Smith MP, Liberal |
| Leader of the Firm | The Hon. Christopher Pyne MP, Liberal |
| Manager of Opposition Business organization | The Hon. Tony Burke MP, Labor |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 150 |
 | |
| Political groups | Regime (90)
Opposition (55)
Crossbench (5)
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| Elections | |
| Voting system | Full preferential voting |
| Last election | 7 September 2013 |
| Next election | Side by side federal ballot |
| Meeting place | |
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| House of Representatives bedchamber Parliament Firm Canberra, ACT, Australia | |
| Website | |
Firm of Representatives
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| Australia |
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| This article is part of a serial on the politics and government of Australia |
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House of Representatives' entrance
Inside the House of Representatives
The Australian Firm of Representatives is one of the two houses (chambers) of the Parliament of Australia. It is referred to every bit the lower firm, with the Senate beingness referred to as the upper house. The term in office of members of the Firm of Representatives is a maximum of three years from the date of the first sitting of the Business firm, only may be abridged if an early ballot is called or if Parliament is dissolved. A member of the Business firm may exist referred to as a "Member of Parliament" ("MP" or "Member"), while a member of the Senate is usually referred to as a "Senator".
The present Parliament is the 44th Federal Parliament of Commonwealth of australia. The most recent federal election was held on 7 September 2013 and the new House first sat on 12 November 2013. The Liberal/National Coalition won 90 seats out of 150 and formed the government. The Labor Party holds 55 seats and forms the opposition. The Australian Greens, Palmer United Party and Katter's Australian Party each hold a single seat, while the remaining 2 are held past independents.[one] Unless an election is called before, the term of the Business firm will expire on xi November 2016.
The Business firm of Representatives currently consists of 150 members, elected by and who represent single member districts, known as electoral divisions (commonly referred to as "electorates" or "seats"). The number of members is not fixed, but can vary with boundary changes resulting from electoral redistributions, which are required on a regular ground. The nigh recent overall increase in the size of the House, which came into issue at the 1984 election, increased the number of members from 125 to 148. It reduced to 147 at the 1993 election, returned to 148 at the 1996 election, and has been 150 since the 2001 ballot. Each division elects 1 member using compulsory preferential voting.
Contents
- 1 Origins and role
- 2 Federation Chamber
- 3 The limerick of the House
- 3.1 Final distribution of seats
- 4 Primary, TPP and seat results since 1937
- v See also
- 6 References
- seven External links
Origins and role
The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Human action (Imp.) of 1900 established the Business firm of Representatives as part of the new organization of dominion government in newly federated Australia. The House is presided over by the Speaker. Members of the Firm are elected from single member electorates (geographic districts, commonly referred to equally "seats" simply officially known as "Divisions of the Australian Firm of Representatives"). 1 vote one value legislation requires all electorates to have approximately the aforementioned number of voters with a maximum 10% variation. However, the baseline quota for the number of voters in an electorate is determined past the number of voters in the state in which that electorate is found. Consequently, the electorates of the smallest states and territories have more than variation in the number of voters in their electorates, with the smallest belongings around threescore,000 voters and the largest holding around 120,000 voters. Meanwhile, the largest states have electorates with more equal voter numbers, with most electorates belongings 85,000 to 100,000 voters. Voting is past the 'preferential system', also known every bit instant-runoff voting. A full allotment of preferences is required for a vote to be considered formal. This allows for a calculation of the ii-political party-preferred vote.
The number of electorates in each state and territory is determined by population. The parliamentary entitlement of a state or territory is established by the Balloter Commissioner dividing the number of the people of the Democracy by twice the number of Senators. The population of each state and territory is then divided by this quota to make up one's mind the number of members to which each state and territory is entitled. Under the Australian Constitution all original states are guaranteed at to the lowest degree five members. The Federal Parliament itself has decided that the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory should have at least i member each.
According to the Constitution, the powers of both houses are near equal, with the consent of both houses needed to pass legislation. The deviation more often than not relates to taxation legislation. In exercise, by convention, the person who can control a majority of votes in the lower house is invited by the Governor-General to form the Government. In exercise that means that the leader of the political party (or coalition of parties) with a majority of members in the House becomes the Prime Minister, who then can nominate other elected members of the authorities party in both the Firm and the Senate to become ministers responsible for various portfolios and administer regime departments. Bills appropriating coin (supply bills) tin only exist introduced in the lower business firm and thus only the party with a majority in the lower house can govern. In the electric current Australian party organization, this ensures that well-nigh all contentious votes are forth party lines, and the Government always has a bulk in those votes.
The Opposition political party's main part in the House is to present arguments confronting the Government'south policies and legislation where appropriate, and attempt to hold the Government accountable as much as possible by request questions of importance during Question Fourth dimension and during debates on legislation. By dissimilarity, the only period in recent times during which the government of the day has had a bulk in the Senate was from July 2005 (following the 2004 ballot) to December 2007 (following the Coalition's defeat at the federal ballot that year). Hence, votes in the Senate are ordinarily more meaningful. The Firm'south well-established committee arrangement is non always as prominent as the Senate committee organization because of the frequent lack of Senate majority.
In a reflection of the United Kingdom Business firm of Eatables, the predominant colour of the furnishings in the House of Representatives is green. However, the color was tinted slightly in the new Parliament House (opened 1988) to suggest the colour of eucalyptus trees. Also, unlike the House of Eatables, the seating arrangement of the crossbench is curved, similar to the curved seating arrangement of the United States House of Representatives. This suggests a more than collaborative, and less oppositional, system than in the United Kingdom parliament (where all members of parliament are seated facing the contrary side).[ii]
Australian parliaments are notoriously rowdy, with MPs oftentimes trading colourful insults. As a issue, the Speaker often has to utilise the disciplinary powers granted to him or her under Standing Orders.[3]
Since 2015, Australian Federal Police force officers armed with assault rifles accept been present in both chambers of the Federal Parliament.[4]
Federation Bedchamber
The Federation Chamber is a second debating bedchamber that considers relatively uncontroversial matters referred by the House. The Federation Chamber cannot, yet, initiate or brand a final conclusion on any parliamentary business concern, although it can perform all tasks in betwixt.[five]
The Federation Chamber was created in 1994 as the Master Committee, to relieve some of the burden of the Business firm: different matters can be processed in the House at large and in the Federation Chamber, equally they sit simultaneously. It is designed to be less formal, with a quorum of merely three members: the Deputy Speaker of the House, one regime member, and i non-regime member. Decisions must be unanimous: any divided decision sends the question back to the House at big.
The Federation Sleeping accommodation was created through the Business firm'southward Standing Orders:[6] it is thus a subordinate trunk of the House, and can just be in session while the House itself is in session. When a division vote in the House occurs, members in the Federation Bedroom must return to the House to vote.
The Federation Sleeping accommodation is housed in one of the House's committee rooms; the room is customised for this purpose and is laid out to resemble the Business firm chamber.[7]
Due to the unique role of what was then called the Main Commission, proposals were made to rename the trunk to avert confusion with other parliamentary committees, including "Second Chamber"[8] and "Federation Chamber".[nine] The Firm of Representatives later adopted the latter proposal.[ten]
The concept of a parallel body to expedite Parliamentary business, based on the Australian Federation Chamber, was mentioned in a 1998 British Business firm of Commons report,[11] which led to the cosmos of that torso'due south parallel chamber Westminster Hall.[12]
The composition of the House
The 2013 election was held on 7 September 2013, which resulted in the victory of the Coalition led past Tony Abbott with a ninety–55 margin, thereby ending the minority regime held past the previous Labor Political party government.
| Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australian Labor Party | iv,311,365 | 33.38 | −iv.61 | 55 | −17 | |||
| Coalition | ||||||||
| Liberal Party of Australia | iv,134,865 | 32.02 | +1.56 | 58 | +14 | |||
| Liberal National Political party (QLD) | ane,152,217 | 8.92 | −0.20 | 22 | +1 | |||
| National Party of Commonwealth of australia | 554,268 | iv.29 | +0.56 | ix | +two | |||
| State Liberal Party (NT) | 41,468 | 0.32 | +0.01 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Australian Greens | 1,116,918 | 8.65 | −3.eleven | 1 | 0 | |||
| Palmer United Party | 709,035 | 5.49 | +5.49 | 1 | +1 | |||
| Katter's Australian Party | 134,226 | 1.04 | +0.73 | 1 | +1 | |||
| Independents[1] | 177,217 | 1.37 | −0.84 | 2 | −2 | |||
| Other | 583,348 | 4.52 | +0.41 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Total | 12,914,927 | 150 | ||||||
| Two-party-preferred vote – Turnout 86.threescore%*[13] | ||||||||
| Liberal/National Coalition | 6,908,710 | 53.49 | +3.61 | 90 | +18 | |||
| Australian Labor Party | half dozen,006,217 | 46.51 | −3.61 | 55 | −17 | |||
Final distribution of seats
| Party | Seats held | Percentage of House | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal/National/LNP/CLP Coalition | | | |
| Australian Labor Party | | | |
| Independent[1] | | | |
| Australian Greens | | | |
| Palmer United Party | | | |
| Katter's Australian Party | | | |
| Full | | | |
Primary, TPP and seat results since 1937
ALP = Australian Labor Party, L+NP = grouping of Liberal/National/LNP/CLP Coalition Parties (and predecessors), Oth = other parties and independents.
| Main vote | TPP vote | Seats | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALP | L+NP | Oth. | ALP | L+NP | ALP | L+NP | Oth. | Full | |
| seven September 2013 election | 33.4% | 45.6% | 21.1% | 46.five% | 53.5% | 55 | ninety | v | 150 |
| 3–v Sep 2013 poll | 33% | 46% | 21% | 46% | 54% | ||||
| 21 Baronial 2010 election | 38.0% | 43.3% | 18.8% | 50.ane% | 49.9% | 72 | 72 | 6 | 150 |
| 17–19 Aug 2010 poll | 36.ii% | 43.iv% | twenty.4% | 50.2% | 49.viii% | ||||
| 24 November 2007 election | 43.4% | 42.ane% | 14.5% | 52.seven% | 47.3% | 83 | 65 | 2 | 150 |
| 20–22 November 2007 poll | 44% | 43% | 13% | 52% | 48% | ||||
| nine October 2004 ballot | 37.vi% | 46.7% | 15.seven% | 47.3% | 52.7% | 60 | 87 | 3 | 150 |
| half dozen–7 Oct 2004 poll | 39% | 45% | 16% | 50% | 50% | ||||
| 10 November 2001 election | 37.8% | 43.0% | 19.ii% | 49.0% | 51.0% | 65 | 82 | 3 | 150 |
| 7–8 Nov 2001 poll | 38.5% | 46% | 15.5% | 47% | 53% | ||||
| 3 October 1998 election | 40.1% | 39.5% | 20.4% | 51.0% | 49.0% | 67 | 80 | i | 148 |
| 30 Sep – 1 October 1998 poll | 44% | 40% | 16% | 53% | 47% | ||||
| 2 March 1996 election | 38.7% | 47.3% | xiv.0% | 46.4% | 53.6% | 49 | 94 | v | 148 |
| 28–29 February 1996 poll | forty.5% | 48% | 11.5% | 46.v% | 53.5% | ||||
| 13 March 1993 election | 44.nine% | 44.3% | x.7% | 51.4% | 48.half-dozen% | eighty | 65 | two | 147 |
| 11 Mar 1993 poll | 44% | 45% | 11% | 49.5% | 50.5% | ||||
| 24 March 1990 election | 39.four% | 43.5% | 17.1% | 49.ix% | fifty.1% | 78 | 69 | i | 148 |
| 11 July 1987 ballot | 45.eight% | 46.1% | 8.1% | fifty.8% | 49.ii% | 86 | 62 | 0 | 148 |
| ane December 1984 ballot | 47.6% | 45.0% | 7.4% | 51.eight% | 48.two% | 82 | 66 | 0 | 148 |
| 5 March 1983 election | 49.5% | 43.6% | 6.9% | 53.2% | 46.eight% | 75 | 50 | 0 | 125 |
| 18 October 1980 election | 45.2% | 46.3% | 8.5% | 49.vi% | l.four% | 51 | 74 | 0 | 125 |
| 10 December 1977 election | 39.7% | 48.1% | 12.ii% | 45.iv% | 54.6% | 38 | 86 | 0 | 124 |
| thirteen December 1975 election | 42.8% | 53.1% | 4.one% | 44.iii% | 55.7% | 36 | 91 | 0 | 127 |
| 18 May 1974 election | 49.3% | 44.9% | 5.8% | 51.7% | 48.3% | 66 | 61 | 0 | 127 |
| 2 December 1972 election | 49.six% | 41.5% | 8.nine% | 52.vii% | 47.3% | 67 | 58 | 0 | 125 |
| 25 Oct 1969 election | 47.0% | 43.3% | 9.7% | 50.2% | 49.8% | 59 | 66 | 0 | 125 |
| 26 Nov 1966 election | forty.0% | 50.0% | 10.0% | 43.ane% | 56.9% | 41 | 82 | i | 124 |
| 30 November 1963 ballot | 45.v% | 46.0% | viii.5% | 47.4% | 52.6% | 50 | 72 | 0 | 122 |
| ix December 1961 election | 47.9% | 42.ane% | 10.0% | 50.5% | 49.v% | 60 | 62 | 0 | 122 |
| 22 November 1958 ballot | 42.8% | 46.6% | 10.6% | 45.nine% | 54.1% | 45 | 77 | 0 | 122 |
| 10 December 1955 ballot | 44.6% | 47.6% | vii.viii% | 45.8% | 54.2% | 47 | 75 | 0 | 122 |
| 29 May 1954 election | 50.0% | 46.8% | iii.2% | 50.vii% | 49.three% | 57 | 64 | 0 | 121 |
| 28 April 1951 election | 47.6% | fifty.3% | 2.1% | 49.3% | 50.7% | 52 | 69 | 0 | 121 |
| 10 Dec 1949 election | 46.0% | l.iii% | iii.vii% | 49.0% | 51.0% | 47 | 74 | 0 | 121 |
| 28 September 1946 ballot | 49.7% | 39.3% | 11.0% | 54.1% | 45.9% | 43 | 26 | five | 74 |
| 21 Baronial 1943 ballot | 49.9% | 23.0% | 27.1% | 58.2% | 41.8% | 49 | 19 | half-dozen | 74 |
| 21 September 1940 election | 40.two% | 43.ix% | 15.9% | 50.three% | 49.7% | 32 | 36 | 6 | 74 |
| 23 Oct 1937 election | 43.2% | 49.iii% | 7.five% | 49.4% | 50.6% | 29 | 44 | ii | 74 |
| Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian. Three-point margin of mistake. | |||||||||
Meet also
- Australian Firm of Representatives committees
- Canberra Printing Gallery
- Chronology of Australian federal parliaments
- Clerk of the Australian House of Representatives
- Father of the Australian Business firm of Representatives
- List of Australian federal by-elections
- Members of the Australian House of Representatives
- Members of the Australian Parliament who have served for at to the lowest degree 30 years
- Members of the Australian Parliament who accept represented more than one state or territory
- Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
- Women in the Australian House of Representatives
- Browne–Fitzpatrick privilege case, 1955
References
- ↑ 1.0 one.1 1.two The two independents are Andrew Wilkie and Cathy McGowan
- ↑ "House of Representatives (Australia)". Datab.u.s.. Retrieved 28 December 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Commendation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Madigan, Michael (27 Feb 2009). "Barking, bitter domestic dog Business firm". Winnipeg Costless Press . Retrieved 22 August 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Armed guards now stationed to protect Australian MPs and senators in both chambers of Federal Parliament: SMH nine Feb 2015
- ↑ "The Structure Of The Australian House Of Representatives Over Its First One Hundred Years: The Impact Of Globalisation," Ian Harris
- ↑ Standing and Sessional Orders, House of Representatives
- ↑ Main Committee Fact Sail, Parliamentary Education Office
- ↑ The 2d Sleeping accommodation: Enhancing the Main Committee, House of Representatives
- ↑ Renaming the Master Commission, Business firm of Representatives
- ↑ [House of Representatives Vote and Proceedings], 8 February 2012, Item viii.
- ↑ "Select Committee on Modernisation of the House of Eatables First Written report". House of Eatables of the Great britain. vii December 1998. Retrieved xx June 2007.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ House of Commons Standard Note—Modernization: Westminster Hall, SN/PC/3939. Updated six March 2006. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Commencement house preference by party". Virtual Tally Room: 2013 election. Australian Electoral Commission (AEC). 4 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
External links
- Business firm of Representatives Committees – Parliament of Australia
- Australian Parliament – live broadcasting
Source: https://infogalactic.com/info/Australian_House_of_Representatives
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